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盘点宝宝成长必需的营养素你家娃补对了吗？

出处：网络收集日期：2024-07-29 13:38:50编辑：胖虎爱撩妹
    随着生活水平的提高，父母除了要满足宝宝日常的“温饱问题”之外，也愈加重视对宝宝健康有益的营养素补充。0-3岁的宝宝处于生长发育的关键时期，说到关乎宝宝成长必需的营养素，市面上的各式广告席卷而来，外加海淘代购的各式宣传，很多妈妈在选择上着实犯了难。那么，究竟哪些才是宝宝成长必需的营养素？宝宝缺乏又会出现何种问题？……今天，各位妈妈跟随小编来一同盘点吧！
 
    钙：骨骼、牙齿发育的幕后功臣
 
    婴幼儿每天需要摄入的钙量应为300-500mg，对于宝宝来说，钙可以促进宝宝骨骼和牙齿发育，缺钙则影响宝宝身高发育，容易得佝偻病，还会使宝宝牙釉质发育不良导致龋齿。给宝宝补钙是个长期的过程，因此补钙制剂的有效性和安全性至关重要，父母需要注意的是，给宝宝选择钙剂要遵从“五高一低”原则：含钙量高、溶解度高、生物利用度高、肠道吸收度高、安全性高，钙源无污染，不应含蔗糖成份，且剂型应适合婴幼儿服用，说明书中应包含不同年龄宝宝的推荐剂量。在这里小编推荐经过多年临床验证，与伊可新同属达因药业生产的婴幼儿专用补钙产品盖笛欣（复方碳酸钙泡腾颗粒）
 
    补充须知：对于婴幼儿来说，像大豆及豆制品、蛋类、猪骨、鱼虾，蔬菜中的金针菇、萝卜、木耳等均为良好的钙源。另外，给宝宝补钙的同时也要注意维生素AD的补充，维生素D可以促进肠道和肾小管对钙的吸收，维持牙齿和骨骼的发育；维生素A还可以促进蛋白质的生物合成和骨细胞的分化。妈妈们需要特别注意，宝宝冬天晒太阳机会少，维生素D易缺乏，因此更需注重维生素D的额外补充。
 
    铁：血红蛋白合成的必需成分
 
    由于胎儿在妈妈体内能获取到充足的铁，出生后直到半岁，发生缺铁性贫血的概率相对较低；但半岁后的宝宝随着体内储存铁逐渐耗尽，辅食添加过程中若没有注意到铁的营养补充，则较易发生缺铁性贫血。婴幼儿每天需要摄入的铁量为每公斤体重1mg，铁是血红蛋白合成的必需成分，如果宝宝缺铁容易导致缺铁性贫血。目前，缺铁性贫血是我国儿童较为常见的营养问题，需要特别注意。
 
    补充须知：对于婴幼儿来说，母乳是最佳的补铁食物，吸收率高达50%。而动物血液和肝脏也是较好的补铁食品，含铁量高且吸收率为11%-22%；此外，像瘦肉、鱼类、玉米、海带、黑木耳等含铁量也较高，吸收率也可达5%-10%。另外，需要父母注意的是，有的宝宝补铁效果不理想，应注意是否存在维生素A缺乏，维生素A具有改善机体铁的吸收、运转和分布，促进造血功能的作用，可作为一种辅助因子的激活剂，参与运铁蛋白糖基的合成，以改善体内铁的营养状况。因此，在铁剂补充的基础上同时补充维生素A，对贫血的纠正有积极促进作用。
 
    锌：参与多种金属酶的组成
 
    锌的主要生理功能是促进生长发育，参与核酸和蛋白质的合成，可促进细胞的生长、分裂和分化，也是性器官发育不可缺少的微量元素。婴幼儿每天需要摄入的锌量为15mg，锌是人体内200多种金属酶的组成成分，同时还是多种金属酶的激活剂，参与生长发育、组织再生及免疫过程，直接影响味觉和口腔上皮细胞的功能。如果宝宝缺锌容易导致生长发育迟缓、食欲不振、异食癖等等症状。
 
    补充须知：动物性食物含锌量丰富而且吸收率高，尤其是贝壳类、动物肝脏、红肉等食物。此外，干果、谷类中也含有一定的锌，在膳食中搭配好这些食物可以有效的预防宝宝缺锌。
 
    维生素A：提升宝宝机体抗病能力
 
    维生素A除了促进细胞生长和视觉发育外，更重要的作用在于保持呼吸道、消化道、皮肤粘膜的完整性，增强上皮组织的防御能力，以及提高免疫细胞功能、促进抗体生成的作用。缺乏维生素A容易导致宝宝抵抗病毒的能力下降，生长发育迟缓。特别在冬季，适当补充维生素A可缓解皮肤干燥、降低感冒、腹泻等疾病发生率。对此，《亚临床状态维生素A缺乏的防治方案》中也明确指出：对于亚临床状态维生素A缺乏儿童的维生素A补充干预，推荐每日口服维生素A1500-2000IU。
 
    补充须知：动物肝脏类食物富含维生素A，但是肝脏为动物的解毒器官，往往富含重金属，并不适宜给宝宝过多食用，每周不超过1次为宜；黄绿色蔬菜水果含有一定量的胡萝卜素，但胡萝卜素在人体内的转化率非常低，研究数据显示转化率仅为1/12~1/6之间；另外，鸡蛋中虽含有一定量的维生素A，但婴幼儿需要到6-8个月以上才能食用鸡蛋，并且食量有限，因此靠鸡蛋来补充维生素A也不现实。
 
    可见对于饮食品种单一，消化吸收功能不强的婴幼儿而言，更难以单纯从饮食中获得足够的维生素A。因此，医生往往会推荐给宝宝从出生15天起服用维生素AD制剂，维生素AD制剂一般为OTC药品，配方按照《中华人民共和国药典》标准设计，主要用于预防维生素D缺乏性佝偻病和维生素A缺乏症，其中被妈妈们广泛认知的就是“小葫芦”形状的伊可新，每粒含维生素A1500-2000IU，维生素D500-700IU，符合不同年龄宝宝的每日推荐量，并全部都在安全的剂量范围内。
 
    通过今天的学习，妈妈们需要记住，在生活中有计划地给宝宝进行膳食营养搭配的同时，不要忘记额外补充饮食中难以获取的营养素，全面助力宝宝健康成长！

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